Securitising Borderlands: China’s Interventions in Nepal’s Northern Districts

Abstract

China’s influence in Nepal’s northern districts has intensified in recent years, driven by strategic interests in border security, economic development, and geopolitical positioning. By investing in infrastructure, extending border security measures, and expanding development cooperation in the bordering districts, China aims to solidify its presence in the borderlands. However, these actions have disrupted traditional cross-border interactions, livelihoods, and social dynamics.

The borderlands between Nepal and Tibet, characterised by customary cross-border movements and strong community ties, are now undergoing significant transformation. While China’s investments promise economic opportunities, the hardening of the border and securitisation have curtailed cross-border trade and cultural exchange. As a result, local communities face challenges in adapting to these new realities. Nepal’s capacity to balance its relationship with China while preserving its sovereignty and well-being of its borderland population is a critical issue.