Health and Human Development
CSEP’s evidence based research on human development seeks to lay out the potential role of human capital development in India’s growth strategy and inform policy aimed at strengthening systems that can build human capital. With a particular focus on health policy, the research is focused on identifying opportunities to improving health outcomes and reducing health related financial risk for India’s citizens. This is based on insights drawn from comparable countries and from across Indian states.
Improving Learning Outcomes in Schools : Understanding the Challenge of...
What does ‘quality education’ truly mean, and how can we ensure it is accessible to all children, regardless of their background? This book delves...
Healthcare for All : Community Action and Public Systems for an Inclusive...
This book offers a comprehensive analysis of India’s healthcare challenges and the pathways to achieving universal health coverage. It critically...
Karnataka can be a Leader for Primary Care and Elementary Schooling...
In this blog, Priyadarshini Singh argues that the slew of initiatives on health and education in Karnataka over the last several months are limited in...
Mapping Global Climate and Health Governance: Exploring India’s Role...
This discussion paper examines the increasing prominence of health in global climate discourse and action and goes on to analyse India’s role in...
India at Work: Employment Trends in the 21st Century...
The paper employs a novel approach, which focuses on the total number of those employed rather than unemployment rates across different demographic...
Beyond Expansion: Rethinking Policy and Scale in India’s Medical...
The paper explores alternative policy approaches to the expansion of quality medical education through the scaling-up of existing medical educational...
Covering the Uncovered With Health Insurance in India...
This paper examines the affordability of healthcare—who can afford it and how much is affordable—for households in the third and fourth quintiles...
Drivers of Primary Healthcare and Elementary Education Initiatives in...
This paper is part of a three-state study on the drivers of state-level initiatives in primary healthcare and elementary education in urban areas...
Addressing Urban Health Challenges in India: Shifting Focus to the Urban...
This paper examines the growing challenges of urban health in India, focusing on the disparities between the urban poor and non-poor populations. The...
Health-Seeking Behaviour and Equity in Public Health Expenditure in India...
As India aims for UHC through a health insurance model, this paper addresses a crucial question which emerges: How can India achieve UHC while...
Opportunities and Challenges in Health Financing in India...
This paper analyses the landscape of demand-side health financing in India, focusing on its progress, challenges, and potential pathways towards...
Raising Female Employment in South Asia, One Step at a Time...
Addressing safety, social networks, training, and hiring discrimination can help break barriers to women’s employment in South Asia, but shifting...
Indian Urbanisation is Slowing Down: What can be Done About it?...
This paper explores the reasons behind India’s slow urbanisation and its broader implications for economic growth, governance, and sustainable...
Climate Change and Public Health Governance and Challenges...
This book aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the various ways in which climate change and public health are interconnected....
Health Insurance Access and Disease Profile for Women in India...
This paper explores the evolving burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among women in India and assesses the alignment between disease prevalence...
Deconstructing PMAY-U: What the Numbers Reveal...
PMAY-U, India's largest urban housing programme, has sanctioned 11.9 million houses since 2015, but faces challenges including poor coverage of slum...
Evolution of the Healthcare Policy Framework in India...
This paper reviews India's healthcare policy evolution, revealing progress and persistent challenges, particularly in public health spending and...
Strengthening Primary Care in India...
This paper identifies some of the key gaps in policy design and implementation and reflects on the key insights from comparable countries, which...
Fiscal Transfers from the Union to States and Healthcare in India...
Janak Raj, Rahul Ranjan, Vrinda Gupta and Aakanksha Shrawan assess the role of fiscal transfers from the Union government compared to States’ own...
Falling Short of the Zero Hunger Target...
While the determinants of declining consumption of overall cereal and food-related items need further investigation, it is useful to understand how...
Urban Health: Slipping Through the Cracks...
This paper by Indrani Gupta and Alok Kumar Singh attempts to bring out the challenges of policymaking in the context of urban health....
Federal Financing of Health: Implications for Health System Capacity and...
This paper explores the evolving nature of federal financing for health, including the increase in union transfers through Centrally Sponsored Schemes...
Interlinkages Between Economic Growth and Human Development in India: A...
India must significantly increase its public spending on health and education, and ensure its effective targeting. This would reduce people’s...
A Report on Voluntary Health Insurance in India: A Bridge Towards...
Madhurima Nundy and Pankhuri Bhatt's paper presents a detailed review and analysis of India’s health insurance landscape, with a focus on voluntary...
House Prices in India: How High, and for How Long?...
Shishir Gupta, Nandini Agnihotri and Annie George shed light on the state and dynamics of house prices in India by leveraging a unique dataset that...
Medical Education in India: A Study of Supply-Side Dynamics...
The paper argues for a rethink of the existing regulatory and policy requirements pertaining to setting up and, more importantly, scaling up medical...
Health System Reforms for Universal Health Coverage: Insights from Select...
This policy brief synthesises insights, relating to key challenges faced in achieving UHC, from six emerging country case studies—Brazil, China,...
Economic Growth and Human Development in India: Are States Converging?...
This Working Paper examines the key aspects of the relationship between economic growth (EG) and human development (HD) at the all-India and the...
Democracy and Health in India| Is Health an Electoral Priority?...
Health as a political priority both for voters and politicians in a democracy is investigated through a survey and pertinent questions are explored. ...
Health System in the Kingdom of Thailand: Reforms, Achievements and...
Health systems in Thailand have been frequently researched since its reforms in early 2000s, especially in the context of health coverage (UHC)....
Health System in Brazil: Reforms, Transformation and Challenges...
Sandhya Venkateswaran and Alok Kumar Singh traces the trajectory of health system reform in Brazil, from 1990 to 2019, and analyses the contextual...
Health System in the Republic of Indonesia: Reforms, Transformations, and...
Madhurima Nundy and Pankhuri Bhatt analyse systemic transformations and studies the achievements and challenges in reforming health services in...
The Political Journey of Healthcare in Select Indian States...
This paper examines the political trajectory of health in five Indian states, in terms of the sociopolitical determinants of attention to health, to...
Health Systems Reforms and Transformations: Insights from Country Studies...
The Health System Reforms and Transformation: Insights from Country Studies is a series of six case studies from China, Turkey, Mexico, Brazil,...
Health System in Mexico: Reforms, Transformation and Challenges...
Alok Kumar Singh and Sandhya Venkateswaran trace the trajectory of health system reforms, including and prior to Seguro Popular (SP), from 2003 until...
Health System in Turkey: Reforms, Transformation and Challenges...
Sandhya Venkateswaran and Alok Kumar Singh trace the trajectory of health system reform in Turkey, from 2003 to 2019, and analyses the contextual...
Health System in People’s Republic of China (PRC): Reforms,...
Madhurima Nundy and Sandhya Venkateswaran's paper outlines the salient features of health reforms in China and their impact in terms of access,...
Anchoring Change: Seventy-Five Years of Grassroots Interventions That Made...
Anchoring Change attempts to answer these and several other such questions, through accounts of organizations from across India, spanning the...
Political Motivation as a Key Driver for Universal Health Coverage...
Political motivation does not always arise by itself, but it is often driven by external
...
Health Status in India: Challenges and Opportunities...
India has experienced considerable progress in health, in outcomes as also infrastructure. However, the task of addressing the health of India’s...
India’s Health Status and Emerging Priorities...
The progress on several indicators since the 2014-15 survey points to the success of interventions on various fronts, although a cross-year comparison...
The Political Pathway to Health System Improvements in India...
With a predominantly family health and infectious disease focus, India’s health system is not well geared to deal with the increasing burden of...
Can Property Rights Improve Access to Toilets for the Urban Poor? Evidence...
Shaonlee Patranabis and Sahil Gandhi analyse slum laws from three states, studying two approaches to improvement of slums—redevelopment, and...
Do property rights explain health outcomes of adolescent girls in India?...
The study reveals the state of property rights in India and presents an analyses of issues pertaining to security of tenure....
India’s housing paradox: Empty houses and housing shortages...
The Model Tenancy Act can improve rent control legislation and contract enforcement to bring vacant houses into the market....
India’s Housing Vacancy Paradox: How rent control and weak contract...
How rent control and weak contract enforcement produce unoccupied units and a housing shortage at the same time....
Are slums more vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from Mumbai...
India has been highly susceptible to the spread of pandemics. The 1918 pandemic caused devastation across the country, with an excess mortality of...
The early days of a global pandemic: A timeline of COVID-19 spread and...
The COVID-19 pandemic has sent shockwaves throughout the global economy. Some economies have been affected more severely than others. It started with...
COVID-19 | Does India have enough doctors? An analysis of growing COVID-19...
Coronavirus cases are quickly increasing across the globe, with just 580 reported cases (on January 22, 2020), in the span of a few weeks, the total...
COVID-19 | Is India’s health infrastructure equipped to handle an...
With growing number of coronavirus cases in India (and worldwide), policymakers have sprung into action – more information is being disseminated...
Mobility and tenure choice in urban India...
This paper considers the impact that the shrinking rental sector has had on the opportunities for Indians to migrate. ...
Medicines in India: Accessibility, affordability and quality...
Healthcare expenditure is financed through various sources in a country. It can be financed by the government (state or union), insurance schemes...
Reviving Higher Education in India...
This paper examines enrolment trends, graduation and employment patterns and the quality of Higher Education Institutions in India. ...
Performance of the Supreme Court and tenure of Chief Justices of India: An...
This is a tentative and an exploratory analysis to assess the productivity of the Supreme Court of India (SC) under different Chief Justices of India...
Women’s Reservation Bill: What can India learn from other countries?...
Globally, women remain vastly underrepresented in local and national politics. As of 2018, according to the Inter Parliamentary Union, only 24%[i] of...
The persistence of memory: The burden of Alzheimer’s disease in...
Between 2001 and 2011, India’s elderly population increased from 70 million to 104 million (Census estimates). In 2011, the population over 60...
Women’s Political Participation and Development...
On July 29th, 2019, Brookings India hosted Sonia Bhalotra for a Development Seminar on Women’s Political Participation and Development. She...
Assessing gender in the North East...
On July 19, 2019, Brookings India hosted a Development Seminar on gender in the North East, under its Property Rights Initiative and Gender...
Missing women patients: Gender discrimination in access to healthcare...
Gender discrimination in access to healthcare has not been systematically studied in India or many other developing countries. This is primarily due...
The promise of impact investing in India...
Achieving the ambitious sustainable development goals (SDGs) by 2030 will take an estimated $5 to $7 trillion per year, with a financing gap of...
Why women candidates are more likely to run as independents...
In a democratic polity, political representation is an inherent aspect of political participation. In this view, whether or not women are able to...
What India’s 65 million ‘missing women’ mean for the...
As the largest democracy in the world, India has boasted a consistent record of free and fair elections. A democratic government derives its...
Teenage girls in India: Aspirations and reality...
There are 80 million teenage girls in India. A clear understanding of their current realities and their aspirations is essential in order to design...
Difficult Dialogues: A compendium of contemporary essays on gender...
Existing literature has documented a significant gender gap in various sectors including health, labour market opportunities, education and political...
Accelerating financial inclusion in India...
By making financial services accessible at affordable costs to all individuals and businesses, irrespective of net worth and size, financial inclusion...
Too slow for the urban march: Litigations and real estate market in...
India is urbanising and putting increasing pressure on urban land and there is growing impetus to convert land from agriculture to non-agriculture...
Increasing private practitioner engagement with tuberculosis...
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that is most prevalent in South Asia. It is caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis and primarily...
Is India ready to JAM?...
The Indian government’s JAM trinity comprises three components: Jan Dhan bank account, Aadhaar unique identity number and mobile phone. A...
Using technology to improve the efficacy of school feeding programmes...
Heralded as the world’s largest school feeding programme, the Mid-Day Meal Programme in India reaches out to over 120 million children in over...
The ascent of Artificial Intelligence: How will AI change the...
Do machines make mistakes? How often and at what cost? When can we truly trust machines? From SIRI to self-driving cars, Google’s search...
Artificial intelligence and data analytics in India...
Advances in artificial intelligence and data analytics are propelling innovation in many parts of the world.[1] China, for example, has committed $150...
Brookings India consortium brings together researchers analysing National...
The National Family Health Survey 2015-16 conducted by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare provides information at an individual, household,...
Regulating a Digital Economy: An Indian Perspective...
The “fourth industrial revolution” which has been characterised by end-to-end digitalisation has led to unprecedented increases in...
Restructuring the Medical Council of India...
The National Medical Commission Bill looks to create a National Medical Commission (NMC) to replace the currently existing and extremely corrupt...
Missing Female Patients: An Analysis of Gender Ratios from a Tertiary Care...
Abstract The issue of missing women, which is excess mortality of females as seen in low population ratio of women to men, in developing countries...
Health Monitor...
The Health Monitor brings together real-time data, research & powerful analytics of India’s healthcare sector on a common platform....
Gender issues in India: an amalgamation of research...
Forty-two years have passed since the United Nations first decided to commemorate March 8th as International Women’s Day, marking a historical...
What explains childhood violence?...
Violence in childhood is a serious health, social and human rights concern globally, there is, however, little understanding about the factors that...
Women and representative governance in India...
Brookings India Senior Fellow Shamika Ravi recently presented glimpses of her work on women and representative governance in India to a group of...
Health and Morbidity in India (2004-2014)...
The decade from 2004 to 2014 saw the Indian economy grow at an impressive rate. This was also the time when the government brought sweeping policy...
Nutrition in India: Targeting the First 1,000 Days of a Child’s Life...
Notwithstanding the sizeable economic and social gains made by India over the last two decades, the pernicious, often invisible, challenge of maternal...
Building Smart Cities in India: Allahabad, Ajmer, and Visakhapatnam...
As India continues to experience rapid urban expansion, public and private leaders at a national, state, and local level are looking into ways to...
Paper | Building a Design Economy in India...
In this paper, we outline the manner in which design can help promote the Indian economy. We look at the status of design in India, review the...
Priorities for India’s health policy...
India’s health care sector is poised at a crossroads, and the direction taken now will be critical in determining its trajectory for years to...
Report | Priorities for India’s National health policy...
One of India’s fundamental failings as a modern nation has been our inability to get successive governments to prioritize and deal with public...
A reality check on suicides in India...
In this paper, we study the data from the National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB) of India and disaggregate across demographic and leading causes of...
Intellectual Property Rights: Signs of Convergence...
The Pre-Summit Backdrop Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) have been among the most contentious economic issues in the bilateral relationship between...
Developing SAARC’s Higher Education Potential...
Education is a powerful medium to unleash the potential of the SAARC region by cutting poverty and promoting development. It can also be an instrument...
SAARC and India’s Healthcare Opportunities...
Less than one fifth of all international tourists to India are from the SAARC countries. Yet, more than half of all foreigners who visit India for...
The three components of livelihood security: jobs, skills and safety nets...
(Remarks made in the ASSOCHAM Livelihoods Security Summit on November 3, 2014) Let me begin by expressing my appreciation for ASSOCHAM’s...
Strengthening India-U.S. Relations through Higher Education...
Over the last 20 years, we have witnessed an explosion of aspiration among the Indian youth, who are also among the biggest supporters of Prime...
Intellectual Property Rights: An eminent domain approach for India and the...
Intellectual property rights (IPR) are a significant point of contention between India and the United States. India is on the Office of the U.S. Trade...
Why So Few Women in Politics? Evidence from India...
In this paper, the authors analyze women as political candidates in Indian democracy. Using 50 years of assembly elections data at the constituency...
What Drives Entrepreneurship? Some Evidence from India...
This paper studies the growth of entrepreneurship in India by analyzing the micro, small and medium enterprises sector (MSME) and explores the factors...
Working Paper: Women in Party Politics...
Introduction: The Women’s Reservation Bill – which proposes to reserve 33 per cent of seats in Parliament and State Legislative Assemblies...
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30
Oct
2025
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2025
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The Centre for Social and Economic Progress (CSEP) is an independent, public policy think tank with a mandate to conduct research and analysis on critical issues facing India and the world and help shape policies that advance sustainable growth and development.